Bookshelf Epub 2020 Dec 3. CAPis available on the three FibroScan probes (S+*, M+ and XL+). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Oxidative stress, renal infiltration of immune cells, and salt-sensitive hypertension: All for one and one for all. Gynecol. A CAP value of 248 dB/m or higher on the FibroScan was diagnosed with fatty liver of any degree 36. CAP Score Steatosis grade Portion of your liver affected by fatty change 238 to 260 dB/m S1 Less than (11% to 33%) 260 to 290 dB/m S2 Between and (34% to 66%) 290 to 400 dB/m S3 More than (67%) >> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. 26(12), 15471552 (2002). I had a fibroscan done last month with a 17 Kpa (cirrhosis). However, our study has some limitations. Accurate tools for the noninvasive detection of hepatic steatosis are needed. Epub 2019 Jan 25. Am. 286(4), F606F616 (2004). J. Clin. You can use the following table to look up your livers health. J. Appl. CAP is a guiding point for doctors and patients to improve monitoring of lifestyle change and therapeutic intervention. Med. -. 75(4), 18471853 (1993). Bitz, C. et al. Welle, S. & Nair, K. Relationship of resting metabolic rate to body composition and protein turnover. Metab. Res. A. Answered 4 years ago Let others know if this answer was helpful Was this answer helpful? The Kleiner system was used for grading fibrosis in liver biopsies. The current study suggested that adiponectin was a strong positive determinant for REE in individuals with NAFLD and T2DM. Body composition and components of energy expenditure in children with end-stage liver disease. The fibrosis result is measured in kilopascals (kPa) It is normally between 2 and 6 kPa. For more resources, visit www.mskcc.org/pe to search our virtual library. The authors are thanks to the patients who participated in the study. Am. Your FibroScan result will include measurements of the level of steatosis and scarring in your liver. 2012 Jul;32(6):911-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02820.x. Physiol. Effect of acute resistance exercise on postexercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate. Deurenberg, P. Limitations of the bioelectrical impedance method for the assessment of body fat in severe obesity. Lamos, E. M. et al. 2023 Jan 29;15(3):687. doi: 10.3390/nu15030687. 0. FLF Launches a Public-Private Partnership to Combat the Silent Epidemic of NAFLD, FLF and Fibronostics form a patient education partnership, Echosens Aligns with FLF to Accelerate Screening for Undiagnosed NAFLD and NASH, Fatty Liver Foundation Launches the State of NAFLD/NASH Care in America Initiative to Support Improved Patient Care Experience, FATTY LIVER FOUNDATION TO MARK INTERNATIONAL NASH DAY WITH THREE INTERACTIVE PROGRAMS OFFERING INFORMATION, INSPIRATION, AND SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE AT-RISK OF OR LIVING WITH NAFLD/NASH. The last column tells you how much scarring is in your liver. Tanase, D. M. et al. Hepatol. /SM 0.02 Your CAP score and steatosis grade can go up or down over time. J. Behav. 39(3), 401409 (1996). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted A fibrosis score of F0 to F1 ( 2 to 7 kPa) means there is little or no scarring on the liver. Ann. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are both progressive health problems worldwide1,2. Echosens and UK National Institute for Health Research. 2014 Apr 28;20(16):4702-11. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4702. Endocrinol. Liver inflammation. A.M. Study conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting of manuscript, Critical revision, S.M. Resting metabolic rate is an important predictor of serum adiponectin concentrations: Potential implications for obesity-related disorders. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Lifestyle factors can influence the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. gold standard solution for comprehensive management of liver health, Enhance FibroScan liver disease assessment with biological markers, Your everyday FibroScancompanion free application, Optimize clinical workflows with real-time secure data transmission. Hipskind, P. et al. 2022 Nov 16;12(11):2822. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12112822. Yabiku, K. Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A review of the evidence. Non-invasive means nothing is put inside your body. Pharmacol. Acquisition of data, M.R.M.T. To check the normality of continuous variables, the KolmogorovSmirnov test was applied. Both LSM by VCTEand CAP are measured simultaneously without lengthening the examination time. pdf files. Association between blood pressure and resting energy expenditure independent of body size. Shear wave speed and stiffness, and CAP* may be used as an aid in the clinical management of pediatric patients with liver disease. Your CAP score is a measurement of fatty change in your liver. 13(1), 112 (2021). Gastroenterology. CAP is unique, patented and validated for liver steatosis assessment2,3: 822 international and peer-reviewed articles support the use of CAP. Hypertension prevalence and influence of basal metabolic rate on blood pressure among adult students in Bangladesh. The site is secure. A 'normal' Fibroscan range tends to be between 2-7 with an average result being roughly around 5. The rest of this resource explains your FibroScan results in more detail. Gougeon, R. et al. Treuth, M. S. et al. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1364. Oxygen species in the microvascular environment: Regulation of vascular tone and the development of hypertension. Expert Rev. A mild fatty liver is over 5% but less than 33%. A fibrosis score of F4 ( 14 kPa or higher) means late-stage scarring or cirrhosis, where the scarring is permanent and the damage is irreversible. While the present study found no association between inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-) and hypermetabolism, the effect of inflammatory markers cannot be completely ruled out; this is because, in this study, we did not examine all inflammatory markers such as IL-6, etc. Int. A FibroScan can reveal fatty changes to the liver (steatosis) and scarring. Strength training increases resting metabolic rate and norepinephrine levels in healthy 50-to 65-yr-old men. Ciardullo, S. & Perseghin, G. Statin use is associated with lower prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, among biochemical markers, subjects with non-hypermetabolism had a significantly higher level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as compared with hypermetabolic cases (98.00 [68.00118.00] vs. 71.00 [61.00105.00], p=0.041). PubMed J. Mol. Int. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Clayton-Chubb D, Kemp W, Majeed A, Lubel JS, Hodge A, Roberts SK. In addition, JFC has a patent pending for protein-based biomarkers of fatty liver disease. ET reports personal fees from Pfizer, Intercept, Gilead, Promethera, and Dr Falk, outside the submitted work. I called today my GI DR office again this was my 4th call asking what my CAP score was from my fibroscan. Nutr. To use the table, find the liver disease that you have on the left side of the table. Sport Nutr. Nutr. /Font << J Gastroenterol Hepatol. Hui D, Liu L, Azami NLB, Song J, Huang Y, Xu W, Wu C, Xie D, Jiang Y, Bian Y, Sun M. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Fibrosis scores allow doctors to plan treatment. Nutrients 13(12), 4522 (2021). Overall, the mean recruitment agestandard deviation and median (interquartile range) body mass index were 44.695.47years and 30.20 (27.8033.30) kg/m2, respectively. @Ev*B{p\Qk[Ll0T!]\3# /F8 8 0 R Liver biopsy is crucial for selecting patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) for inclusion in clinical trials and, by implication, for treatment after new drugs are licensed. 16(38), 4773 (2010). Kao, C. C. et al. 2021 May;36(5):1309-1316. doi: 10.1111/jgh.15358. | Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 2016. Metab. Gastroenterol. Circulating levels of endotrophin and cross-linked type III collagen reflect liver fibrosis in people with HIV. 2017, 18 (2017). 2012 Jul;32(6):875-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02824.x. MathSciNet Controlled attenuation parameter-insulin resistance (CIR) score to predict non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Diabetes Res. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A major challenge in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A CAP score that falls anywhere between 260 to 290 dB/m represents 34-66% fatty change in the liver. Metab. Nat. Clin. This study showed that both NFS and FIB-4 score were similar in patients with fibrosis stages 0 and those with fibrosis stages 1 ( p > 0.05). The two biggest risk factors for liver scarring are alcohol abuse and diseases like hepatitis. CAS 4 0 obj 4(12), 370373 (1918). The test can also be used to monitor liver health in patients with a history of alcohol abuse and a family history of liver disease. Between September, 2017, and March, 2018, a total of 108 subjects with both T2DM and NAFLD who met the inclusion criteria and were willingness to participate in the study were recruited from diabetes clinics in the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran). Garca-Monzn, C. et al. This score will be used by your doctor to grade your steatosis (fatty change). The FibroScan test result will provide with: Cap Score: The amount of liver with fatty change is measured by CAP score in decibels per meter(dB/m) that corresponds to the stages of steatosis- S1, S2, or S3. If you have more than one liver disease, this table may not apply to you. These devices are designed for use in a medical practice in order to measure liver stiffness and ultrasound attenuation in patients with liver disease. We should also consider the limitations of the device used for measuring body composition. Of these, 13 subjects were excluded from the study due to incomplete data and 95 participantswere included in the final analysis. A greater CAP result points to a higher degree of fatty change and a more serious level of fatty liver.-The fibrosis result offers evidence of the amount of fibrotic scarring (fibrosis) within the liver, extending from zero to . To obtain Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan-determined transient elastography is a noninvasive approach to estimate liver fibrosis severity. Endocrinol. A CAP score of 5% or lower indicates a healthy liver, while a CAP score of 5% to 33% with a steatosis grade of S1 indicates a mild fatty liver. If you're a patient at MSK and you need to reach a provider after. 2020, 116 (2020). Endocrinol. Some studies suggested that the involvement of adiponectin in energy homeostasis probably mediated through the regulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), a family of transporters that present in the mitochondria inner membrane. Prevalence of NASH+NAS4+F2=15%. Clin. Metabolism 121, 154752 (2021). The dietary intervention has a positive impact on CAP. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] If you have any questions, contact a member of your care team directly. They are sending me for an MRI with elastography on Friday to confirm the staging. Sci. Salmenniemi, U. et al. The FAST score provides an efficient way to non-invasively identify patients at risk of progressive NASH for clinical trials or treatments when they become available, and thereby reduce unnecessary liver biopsy in patients unlikely to have significant disease. In a future study, recalibration of scores could be considered to correct miscalibration while keeping the same level of discrimination. /Pattern << A score below 238 dB/m means the amount of fatty change in your liver is not higher than normal. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). BMC Gastroenterol. Diabetes Metab. Independent sample t-test, MannWhitney U test or Chi-square (2) test was used for comparison between groups as appropriate. In summary, we believe the FAST score will allow for the more efficient identification of an at-risk group of patients with progressive NASH that merit consideration for further treatment. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Another cross sectional study has also reported no relationship between circulating adiponectin and REE in both young and elderly women after adjusting for several confounding factors such as fat mass and FFM53. Google Scholar. The Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) specifically targets liver steatosis using a process based on transient elastography. The shaded area indicates 95% CI. Endocrinol. A score below 238 dB/m means the amount of fatty change in your liver is not higher than normal. NAFLD is substantially caused by visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance10. Protein turnover is assumed to account for 20% of REE in healthy subjects41, and elevated protein turnover is associated with increased REE42,43 and loss of FFM43. 90(7), 42164223 (2005). Would you like email updates of new search results? BMR has been reported to increase by 57% in individuals with T2DM21,22. -The FibroScan CAP score is measured in dB/m and helps ascertain the degree of fat cells within an individual's liver. Pract. Adiponectin acts in the brain to decrease body weight. /Type /ExtGState Inflammation is associated with increased energy expenditure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Physiol. Relationship between blood adipocytokines and resting energy expenditure in young and elderly women. If treated early with diet and lifestyle changes, the disease can be reversible. Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Markers of Steatosis, NASH, and Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Monoinfected Individuals at Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) This cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Review Board at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1399.1281). The solid line in each image represents the ideal calibration. 89(3), 977984 (2000). Hypertens. 2017;15:1120. Metab. Physiol. endobj -, Charlton MR, Burns JM, Pedersen RA, Watt KD, Heimbach JK, Dierkhising RA. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured by FibroScan device were combined with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or AST:ALT ratio. Miele, L. et al. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization in older women after strength training: 24-h calorimeter results. Epub 2020 Aug 5. Your fibrosis result may be over-estimated (your liver may have less scarring than what your fibrosis result says) if you have: Your FibroScan results may also be less accurate if you have: Fibrosis score F0 to F1: No liver scarring or mild liver scarring, Fibrosis score F2: Moderate liver scarring, Fibrosis score F3: Severe liver scarring Fibrosis score. Nephrol. endobj Ruige, J. SC reports grants from Echosens to his institution (APHP) during the conduct of the study and speaker fees/advisory board fees from MyGoodLife outside the submitted work. J. Obes. The Shear wave speed and stiffness measurements may be used as an aid to clinical management of adult patients with liver disease. After overnight fasting (at least 10h), oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were obtained for 20min with the participants lying down, without falling asleep, on a bed in a quiet environment. Additionally, fibrosis staging may be confirmed . The CAP score is measured in decibels per meter (dB/m) and ranges from 100-400. A healthy liver has a CAP score of 5% or lower. Over 34% but less than 66% is moderate, while over 66% is severe. Moradi, S. et al. FibroScan will help your healthcare provider learn more about your liver disease. Advantages of CAP include its ease of measurement, operator-independence and simultaneous availability with LSM for fibrosis assessment. Article Delsoglio, M. et al. This information should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment. A blood-based biomarker panel (NIS4) for non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study. Hypertension 43(3), 555560 (2004). Association of adiponectin level and variants in the adiponectin gene with glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and cytokines in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor gene variants in relation to resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and adiposity-related phenotypes in the Quebec Family Study. If you have more than one liver disease, you may not be able to use the table. The CAP is a promising tool for the noninvasive detection of hepatic steatosis. I am still having symptoms of right sided pain, nausea, itchy skin and extreme fatigue and light headed. 678.750000 0] Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by an indirect calorimetry device. The NFSA score was calculated based on age, hyperglycemia, body mass index, platelets, albumin and serum aminotransferase levels. PNN and JJD were supported by the NIHR Birmingham BRC. Fatty change is when fat builds up in your liver cells. Publication Arslanow et al. et al. Correlation between Fibroscan and laboratory tests in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients for assessing liver fibrosis 1 Find your liver stiffness result in the second column from the left. -, Tsochatzis EA, Newsome PN. World J. Gastroenterol. The following table shows ranges of CAP scores, and the matching steatosis grades. Diagnostic abilities of FAST score, fatty liver index, CAP, and BMI for fatty liver in patients with MAFLD and NAFLD . In combination, these scores can help you understand your overall liver health and how it may change over time with lifestyle or medical interventions. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of the participants with non-hypermetabolism (n=64) and hypermetabolism (n=31) are presented and compared in Table 1. There is some evidence suggesting the increased basal metabolic rate (BMR) in subjects with T2DM14,15 and liver diseases16,17. J. Obes. 2019 May;156(6):1717-1730. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.042. Endocrinol. FibroScan elastography of liver tissue can easily detect patients with cirrhosis and fatty liver. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies These measurements help your healthcare provider learn more about your liver disease. All authors have read the manuscript and approved the manuscript. The calibration plot characterises the agreement between observed proportion and predicted probabilities. In those four cohorts, the FAST score overestimates the probability of being NASH+NAS4+F2. fibroscan cap; fibroscan score; . and transmitted securely. Fatty change is when fat builds up in your liver cells. FibroScan measures scarring by measuring the stiffness of your liver. Luke, A. et al. Acad. Alcohol consumption in diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. S. et al. The prevalence of NAFLD including liver steatosis and liver fibrosis in T2DM has been estimated to be more considerable3,7. 82(4), 801805 (2005). The prevalence of T2DM among NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cases has been reported to be 22.5% and 43.6%, respectively6. JFC was supported by the NIHR Oxford BRC. Your healthcare provider will use your CAP score to find out your steatosis grade. 4. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Your fibrosis result is a measurement of the amount of scarring in your liver. If treated early with diet and lifestyle changes, the disease can be reversible. Agarwal, R. Smoking, oxidative stress and inflammation: Impact on resting energy expenditure in diabetic nephropathy. If patients remain undiagnosed and untreated, they may go on to develop irreversible cirrhosis of the liver. (B) USA screening cohort (n=242). AUROC=area under the receiver operating curve. To explain these contradictions, the role of genetics as a factor that can influence both energy expenditure and adiponectin56,57, the use of different populations in studies, and the different methods used to assess energy expenditure must be taken into account. The table below shows ranges of CAP scores and the matching steatosis grade and amount of fatty change. To use the table, find the liver disease that you have on the left side of the table. Surg. Interpretation: MeSH Certain conditions can cause a liver stiffness result thats too high, which makes it incorrect. 162(4), 14881492 (2000). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Huang, Z. et al. Gastroenterol. Syndr. 8(9), 1387 (2019). However, fat free mass was inversely related to hypermetabolism (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.8830.991, p=0.023). Pursuing basic and translational research across 9 programs and 100+ labs, Focusing on clinical cancer research and population health, Bridging the lab and the clinic through translational research, Fostering interdisciplinary collaborations between laboratory scientists and clinicians, Partnering with other academic and research institutions, Offering state-of-the-art resources for our researchers, Offering a curriculum with a focus on cancer, Connecting college seniors to future careers in biomedicine. Prevalence of NASH+NAS4+F2=20%. CAP performance was not influenced by measurement variability, but was higher in patients with mild (F0-F1) fibrosis (AUROC 0.89 vs. 0.72 with F2-F4; P = 0.03). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The dotted line represents the calibrations estimated on the data using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (Loess). Huang, K. C. et al. Some possible mechanisms that explain the relationship between BMR and blood pressure are as follows: (1) increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which can elevates BMR and blood pressure64,65; (2) thyroid hormones levels (T3 and T4) which can affect both blood pressure and metabolism64,66; (3) accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to the oxidative stress conditions that can elevate BMR and also increase blood pressure through endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and changes in the regulation of nitric oxide64,67,68. Resting metabolic rate in severely obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Ther. In addition, there was a stepwise increase in Cap score parallel to the increase in severity of liver fibrosis (p < 0.001) . Please do not use it to ask about your care. A fibroscan score is a numerical result between 2-75. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), advanced liver fibrosis is excluded by normal liver stiffness, but a wide range of cutoffs have been used to predict advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Prevalence and risk factors for biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a prospective cohort of adult patients with gallstones. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 10(10), 10161020 (2002). Publication Arslanow et al. Greer, R. et al. 137(2), 145155 (2008). Exerc. 8 . ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Diagnostic performance in the derivation cohort of the FAST score for the diagnostic of NASH+NAS4+F2 (A) Receiver operating characteristic curve. 11(1), 310 (2016). Triangles represent deciles of participants (n=50) grouped by similar predicted risk. Benign (not cancerous) or cancerous tumors in your liver. Prevalence of NASH+NAS4+F2=57%. The categorical variables were reported as number (%). Mishra S, Bhujade H, Butt AS, Kamani L, Premkumar M. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. PLoS One. Br. Intensity of resistance exercise determines adipokine and resting energy expenditure responses in overweight elderly individuals. /ColorSpace << PubMed Central Cause of it should be found and treated. Article Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. The discrepancy is mainly driven by the intercept (CIs do not include zero). 10 0 obj << Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Arrese, M. & Barrera, F. Concurrent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. In another study, intracerebroventricular administration of adiponectin in mice induced UCP1 mRNA expression and decreasing the body weight, while not affecting the food intake62. Endocrinol. Effect of bariatric surgeries on metabolic rate, a systematic review and meta-analyses. The LSM and CAP measurements are carried out simultaneously, and the median values of more than ten valid measurements are used to quantify liver . World J Gastroenterol. A language and environment for statistical computing. KPa score 44.2 CAP score 309. 15 0 obj Image, Download Hi-res Calibration of the score is satisfactory since the intercept is not significantly different from 0, slope is not significantly different from 1, the flexible calibration curve is close to the ideal calibration (solid line), and its CI zone includes the ideal curve. FibroScan works similarly to an ultrasound, emitting a small pulse of energy, called a shear wave. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. If you do not see your disease listed, ask your healthcare provider to go over your results with you. /AIS false | Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 2016. Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30945-w. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Depending upon the reason fatty liver; S1, S2, S3 range differs. endobj [ ] 2020 Dec;72(6):2228-2230. doi: 10.1002/hep.31498. A CAP score that falls anywhere between 238 to 260 dB/m represents 11-33% fatty change in the liver. J. Gastroenterol. /CSp /DeviceRGB 5 0 obj 61(5), 469 (2012). Anthropol. J. Respir. However, there is inadequate evidence regarding the threshold of blood glucose in which REE is increased38. A CAP score that is 290 dB/m or higher represents over 67% fatty change in the liver. Accuracy of FibroScan Controlled Attenuation Parameter and Liver Stiffness Measurement in Assessing Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hypermetabolism was defined as an elevated measured REE>110% of the predicted REE. Background and Aims: FibroScan is used to determine liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (referred to as CAP) scores in patients, including those with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This work was funded by Echosens, who were sponsors of this study, and also the UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), who funded staff salaries (chief and principal investigators, clinical research fellows, and research nurses) at the sites in England through grant support from the Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). According to the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis (Table 2), hypermetabolism was positively associated with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.021.34, p=0.030), physical activity (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.0021.28, p=0.046), ALT (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.0061.12, p=0.031) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.011.13, p=0.021). Development of alternatives to estimate resting metabolic rate from anthropometric variables in paralympic swimmers. Bril, F. & Cusi, K. Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A call to action. Article The levels of FBS, fasting insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, creatinine, TSH, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), adiponectin and hs-CRP were not significantly different between non-hypermetabolism and hypermetabolism groups (p>0.05). [0 /XYZ 35.2500000 Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the increased vulnerabilities of adiponectin knockout mice to liver injury. Google Scholar. Hepatology 48(4), 10871096 (2008).
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