Sometimes referred to as 'all American,' these dogs are the continuation of the old Italian bloodlinethese are the true Corsos. Be sure you keep up with your pets Pedigree papers, so you dont run into problems with an uneducated person assuming your Corso is an American Pit Bull Terrier, which is banned in New Zealand. PetPlace may be compensated when you click on or make a purchase using the links in this article. In specific Federal Lands in Germany, you may have to get permission from the local authorities to have a Cane Corso, as they are labeled dangerous in these locations. In the past 20 years over 25 different breeds have been involved in dog bite fatalities. Your pet must be muzzled and leashed at all times in public. Cane Corso is not banned in Singapore, but they have to follow specific rules due to the stigma on large breed dogs that look aggressive. 'Traditional' Cane Corso refers to the population of Corsos descended directly and exclusively from those first dogs that came to the United States from Italy back in 1989. Cane Corsos make excellent protection and guard dogs, but you need to train and socialize them to fill that role. Why This Type of Dog Is So Dangerous, The Howling Of Cane Corsos Has Long Baffled Animal Experts, Is There A Link Between Cane Corsos And Epilepsy? Prove that you are a responsible adult capable of caring for your pet. They are not technically illegal though they are deemed to be dangerous dogs. If you have questions about, According to the Michigan State University College of Law, online database that includes over 10,000 vet approved articles. page. Ultimately, the decision to report is for the individual professional. Breeds that are commonly targeted include: Breed-specific legislation has been a thing in America since the 1980s. Some cities require your pet to wear a tag that reads dangerous dog.They may even mandate that you micro-chip and spay or neuter the dog. Keep your pet on a leash in public and muzzled. They require time to develop comfort in a new environment. As the publication explains, the lists are ostensibly based on (flawed) dog bite frequency statistics. Restrictions you can face regarding a dog on a BSL include having to have your pet muzzled when in public, microchipped, neutered or spayed, kept up to date on rabies, and use signs warning of your pets presence. Cane Corsos have an average weight between 70-90 pounds which makes them a bigger risk than other breeds of dogs, which typically weigh in at around 20 pounds. Their breed cannot live in all areas due to being a type of mastiff with many similarities to Pitbulls. Finally, all dogs must undergo obedience training. PetHelpful reports that the Fila Brasileiro is often incorrectly called the Brazilian fighting dog. That inaccurate stereotype may explain why this large working dog, known as the Brazilian mastiff, gets banned in many cities. And because huskies look a little wolf-like, manypeople dont have a hard time believing the worst about these friendly dogs. A 16-year-old girl is in serious condition after she was mauled by six large dogs in Thousand Oaks on Sunday, according to the Ventura County Fire Department. Keep your pet in a specific type of kennel. Dog Expert reports that Siberian huskies often end up blacklisted by companies providing homeowners insurance. The molossus, a now extinct mastiff-type dog, is an ancestor of the cane corso and similar mastiff-type dogs. Here's The Facts, Cane Corso Breed Information: History-Characteristics-Qualities, How to Discipline a Cane Corso Puppy or Adult. On private property, you must have a way to keep them restricted to your area through a tall fence or kennel. Independence America Holdings Corp. All Rights Reserved, For the most up-to-date information on breed specific legislation, we recommend the BSL Census where there is a live census that is continually being updated with BSL news and notifications including repeals and implementation of breed specific legislation. BSL is against the law in California because the state has a law prohibiting discrimination against a particular breed. Morris Animal Foundation Funds New Study to Advance Osteosarcoma Treatment in Dogs, Heart Disease in Newfoundland Dogs Focus of Newly Funded Study, Top 5 Ways to Keep Pets Safe When the Weather Gets Nippy. Since Cane Corso is a type of Mastiff, he may fall under one of these categories. THIS POST MAY CONTAIN AFFILIATE LINKS. You must show them, through absolute consistency, that you mean what you say.. Want to find out where and why are Cane Corsos banned? Breed specific legislation or as it is often called, BSL, is a law that bans or restricts certain types of dogs based on their appearance or breed in an effort to decrease dog attacks on humans or other animals. The reason why these organizations proposed and enforced laws about banning this breed of dog was that there had been many reports about how dangerous these dogs can be when left in homes. However, owners who dont properly train their dogs can end up with a dog with temperament problems. There are many people and organizations who have been trying to ban this breed of dog for years. Australia has open arms when it comes to adopting a Cane Corso. Cane Corsos are banned in most parts of Canada except for Calgary. Correspondence to Dr. Polsky. View Breeder Info. A restricted breed dog is any of these breeds: American Pit Bull Terrier, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, Japanese Tosa or Perro de Presa Canario. The rules regarding how banned breeds are handled vary by location. Dogs fall under Category 1 if you do not have paperwork marking their lineage. This breed falls underPart 2in the Second Schedule of the Animals and Birds (Dog Licensing and Control) Rules, which means there are guidelines to ownership. Another important factor? Many groups oppose the usage of BSL since it is frequently used to bias against a dog based on breed or appearance rather than temperament and behavior. Are Cane Corso illegal in California? Cane Corsos are banned because of their size, which leads to serious injury to humans and their pets when theyre left out. There are currently over 700 cities in the country with some BSL. Cane Corsos have been banned for many reasons. Here's a helpful article we wrote on this website that delves deeper into justhow aggressive or dangerous the Cane Corso can get. Additionally, Pamper Your Pets reports, They have a strong hunting drive and are very territorial. BSL identifies a dog as dangerous based upon its breed alone and not based on any action or offense that the individual dog has ever committed. Cane Corso: The Pros & Cons of Owning One, 5. Cane Corso Breeders. What are some of the other breeds that also have a history of biting people? 83.2 mi from San Diego. When comparing the Cane Corso vs the American Pitbull terrier, you'll find they are both very different but have some striking similarities. Another reason is the size difference between this breed and humans. There are currently two types your dog could fall into depending on their breed. Because of thedirewolf crazeamongGame of Thronesfans, huskies have gotten too popular for their own good. Exercise level: Moderate. To have a Category 2, your dog must pass a temperament test and register with the safety and public order office. This article will tackle where a Cane Corsos are banned or legal, and the rules regarding owning one in these areas. A Cane Corso is a large-breed dog with an intimidating muscular stance and a fierce protective streak. In 2005, the province of Ontario passed the Public Safety Related to Dog Statute Law Amendment Act, which included breed-specific restrictions. The New Zealand Kennel Club recognizes Cane Corso as a breed and provides the same breed standards as other kennel clubs. Where and why are Tibetan Mastiffs banned? Phone Number: (866) 269-1056. The reason they are no longer banned legally is that there are so few of them. When Roman legions brought mollosers back to Italy from the Greek islands and bred them with . Phone Number: 773-559-6542. This breed of dog hasnt been in Australia long. As for height, Cane Corsos can grow up to an impressive 27.5 inches tall. Breeds that are commonly targeted include: Breed-specific legislation has existed in the United States since the 1980s. The police investigated the matter and found out that the dogs owner was not allowed to own any type of dog because of his criminal past. Unfortunately because of their imposing, handsome good looks some Cane Corso have . East of San Francisco, California. You have to keep your pet on a leash at all times in a public area, andthey must wear a muzzle. The Nest reports that the breed can display territorial and standoffish behavior. In fact, Lone Tree has the most extensive breed bans of any city in Colorado. Craig Sytsma, 46, a metallurgical engineer and divorced father of three from Livonia, was jogging along Thomas Road the evening of July 23 when the two dogs, 100-pound Cane Corsos, dragged him . Our mission is to place each dog or puppy into the best "forever home" possible, as well as help educate members and non-members alike about the ownership of this fine breed. Their purpose is to protect their owners and other pack members. Their weight can hurt not only your back but their joints when they hop down from cars, sofas or even your bed. The American Kennel Club (AKC) is pleased to welcome the Cane Corso, Icelandic Sheepdog and Leonberger as the 165th, 166th, and 167th AKC recognized breeds. If so, then I recommend getting them obedience training as soon as possible. This includes some fatalities. 0:04. However, thats typically not the case (especially not with German shepherds who get proper training and socialization). 2, 2023; pomeranians used to be large; bulldog breeder new jersey . (Video) Cana Corso is illegal to use for Hunting! Anything whizzing by cats, squirrels, perhaps even cars can trigger that instinct. Attacks and bites by these dogs are rare. Additionally, these dogs love to play with other animals and can get aggressive with them without realizing it which leads to serious injuries as well as animal abuse. American Staffordshire Terrier. Ban dogs (a cross between any of the above breeds or any strain of listed breeds), Any dog that shares similar appearance or physical characteristics, such as a Cane Corso. Rottweilers. More than any other breed, Fila Brasileiros are intolerant of strangers. Whether you own an Akita or another restricted breed, some cities dont ban breeds outright, butthey require you to handle the animal like hes a dangerous dog. Animal Planet reports that in areas with such rules, you may have to muzzle your dog when hes in public. Keep your address up to date where the pet resides. Bull Mastiffs. Any dog you have in Singapore must have a valid license, and there is a limit of one dog of an approved breed or its cross. Unfortunately, the Cane Corso is banned in some states throughout the United States due to their involvement of the injuring and killing of smaller domestic animals. 5 Reasons you SHOULD NOT GET A Cane Corso Puppy! Gilroy, CA. Under these regulations, any dog falls under a Pitbull category if they are: If you own a dangerous pet, you have to follow specific guidelines not to face penalties. Studies have shown that two black parents will produce a litter of which over 70% will also be black. Some people refer to the breed as the 'Mike Tyson of the dog world'. (Thats despite the fact that scientists sayany dog can become aggressive, regardless of breed.) Pro-tip:Ever try lifting a Cane Corso? To protect your back and theirs check outthe best Mastiff rampson Amazon.com now. Through Good Dog's community of trusted Cane Corso breeders in California, meet the Cane Corso puppy meant for you and start the application process today. They are naturally protective, and if that instinct is left unchecked can lead to aggressive behavior in adulthood., Banned or restricted by cities in:Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, andWisconsin, The Doberman pinscher has become one of the most commonly banned dogs across the United States. The cost difference between a Cane Corso and a smaller breed like a Maltese could be $40 or more per month, according to a Forbes Advisor analysis of pet insurance pricing. But if you read the AKCs profile of the even-tempered breed, you might wonder why. Areas where Cane Corso is a dangerous breed include: In Bavaria, Cane Corso is a Category 2, which is considered dangerous. Odisseia Cane Corso (Southern California) Odisseia Cane Corsos is a group of breeders that have joined together in their love of the Cane Corso breed. One hour north of Los Angeles, California. Dog bite claims dropped in 2020 to 16,991, but . This breed of dog hasnt been in Australia long. This low number is not due to being banned, but because they are becoming popular outside of Italy, where they originated. Many organizations protest BSL's use, as it is often prejudiced against a dog based on breed or looks and not on temperament and behavior. , What is the most banned dog in America? With a large stature and protective nature, corsos have been war dogs, large-game hunters, guardians, farm workers, and more over their long history. Did you know that in the United States, Canada and many other countries, Cane Corsos are banned for the safety of people and their pets? Many Canadian areas have strict breed-specific legislation that prohibits the possession of dogs they perceive as potentially dangerous. Throughout its early history, the cane corso acted as a guard dog, war dog, and skilled hunter of various game (including very large game). Cane corsos have the potential to become a welcomed member to any community. The Akita faces bans in many cities across the United States. In fact, you can expect to encounter a lot of people who believe stereotypes about this historic breed. These Dog Breeds Dont Deserve Their Awful Stereotypes. You may also need to carry liability insurance, or display a dangerous dog sign at your home. Some areas may not allow the breed at all, while others have a ban against bringing your Cane Corso into public places. Have a behavioral evaluation completed on your pet. The Kangal and the Cane Corso are both massive dogs. The number of dog bite claims in 2021 reached 17,989 up from 17,597 in 2020, and liability claims related to dog bites and other dog-related injuries cost homeowners insurers $882 million. How powerful is the bite of a Cane Corso? 4 Dogs Banned In The USA That You'll Fall In Love With #shorts, 3. These legislations vary depending on location. Location: Mobile, Alabama Telephone: 443-449-4900 . Pit bull terriers. We wanted to help you find a healthy and happy . It also established tight limits on existing Pitbulls in the region, as well as penalties for owners of hazardous breeds. Wondering how to discipline a Cane Corso puppy or adult? Idaho However, there is much disagreement over whether the rules are effective. However, some countries have banned this breed because they believe that it is dangerous. Heres a helpful article we wrote on this website that delves deeper into justhow aggressive or dangerous the Cane Corso can get. Category 3: breeds where some dogs have visible conditions or exaggerations that can cause pain or discomfort. PawCulture reports that you cant own a chow chow in many cities that have vicious dog bans in place, as well as military housing. The Spruce reports thatpoorly trainedchow chows can act territorial and unfriendly. Fidecore Cane Corsos is one of the breeders you might want to consider for a pet companion, especially if you're in Illinois. Have a Dog Legislation Officer (DLO) examine your dog. To protect your back and theirs check outthe best Mastiff rampson Amazon.com now. The said price can go up if the pup comes from a superior lineage. It also causes problems with pet owners who have never had issues with their dogs. 1. Banned or restricted by cities in:Iowa, Louisiana, andMichigan, The Alaskan malamute has gained a reputation as an athletic and affectionate family pet in some circles, but its known as a dangerous breed in others. The Cane Corso lacks the loose skin of other mastiff breeds. Take a mandatory seven-hour training course. Despite stereotypes that cast the German shepherd as dangerous, the AKC characterizes these dogs as smart, confident, courageous, and steady. The group also reports that the German shepherd gets along with children. Please support the Channel by checking out my affiliate links!! Life expectancy: 9-12 years. These pit-similar dogs are intimidating and strong, and up to any task to which they're assigned. Puppy mills have flooded the market with husky puppies. Reviews: 91% of readers found this page helpful, Address: Suite 927 930 Kilback Radial, Candidaville, TN 87795, Hobby: Singing, Mountain biking, Water sports, Water sports, Taxidermy, Polo, Pet. The Cane Corso is on the list of prohibited canines categorized as hazardous breeds in Ukraine, which has been growing since 1998 and now contains over 80 different breeds. , Can a Cane Corso bite harder than a lion? Walking a dangerous dog requires a person over the age of 16, using a leash less than 6 feet (2 meters) with your dog muzzled. Garritani Cane Corso. Some areas may not allow the breed at all, while others have a ban against bringing your Cane Corso into public places. California: Southern California. The breed, part wolf and part dog, poses its own set of challenges to owners. The Staffordshire bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier and the American pit bull terrier are all prohibited breeds. Cane Corso Puppy. A referral website that lists available Cane Corso rescues available for adoption in the western USA. Your pet must be muzzled and leashed at all times in public. However, owners of Cane Corsos need to be more careful because they are strong, intelligent and athletic and can easily knock things over if they were not supervised. It is illegal to own a Fila in the United Kingdom. California state law does not have a specific statute about pit bulls. Labrador Retrievers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Newfoundlands are among the safest dog breeds that are least likely to bite, new research has found. Walking a dangerous dog requires a person over the age of 16, using a leash less than 6 feet (2 meters) with your dog muzzled. Safewise conducted a similar study and ranked California as the sixth most dog-friendly state in the country, while Pawsafe ranks CA as . Below, check out the most commonly banned dog breeds in the United States, according to legislation tracking by Dogsbite.org. How to get a puppy. Website: Lionheart Cane Corso. According to the Akita Rescue of the Mid-Atlantic, these dogs have a reputationfor being aggressive. So, in any encounter with other dogs or uninformed people, whether your dog was the aggressor or not, expect theAkita to be blamed.. The Cane Corso has a bite force of a massive 700 PSI. Some cities across the United States ban or restrict ownership of the breed. BSL can range in severity and direction, for example, some BSL bans certain breeds from particular areas such as public beaches or parks, whereas other legislation bans entire breed from towns altogether. , How many types of Cane Corsos are there? San Bernardino, CA 92404. PLEASE READ MY DISCLOSURE FOR MORE INFO. Are Cane Corsos Dangerous Dogs? One of the first bans of Cane Corso started back in Canada back in 1989 when a group of kids were bitten by a Cane Corso. Nonetheless, when placed in the handsof an irresponsible owner, an individual can easily becomeruined., Banned or restricted by cities in:Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, Ohio, andTennessee. In this country, you must retain civil liability insurance by keeping your dog on a short leash while wearing a muzzle and having your pet microchipped. There are currently only around 20 Cane Corsos in Australia's entire continent with registered papers and a pure pedigree. There is a lot of confusion about the legality of cane Corsos in the United States. This is because Cane Corsos dont understand that they need to be gentle around children, but instead feel like they can bite as hard as they want. Are Cane Corso illegal in California? Cane Corso sounds. The State of California itself has no laws prohibiting dog breeds; However, depending on the circumstances, regulations still exist. Copyright 2023 DogForms | Powered by DogForms. The CCAA is dedicated to preserving the working ability, soundness and intelligence of the Cane Corso in its purest form. Their imposing appearance is their first line of defense against intruders. Paperwork must be shown to establish your dogs breed. Minimum cost (per month) 80. But the Kangal is bigger, at a maximum of 145 pounds compared to the Cane Corso's max of 110. (Just note that many experts dont agree with the groups claim that breed bans effectively prevent bites and attacks. Calgary has strong licensing requirements, so inexperienced owners dont end up with dangerous dogs they cant control. Cane Corso. Please see this useful resource for a more thorough list of permitted and prohibited breeds across the world. This low number is not due to being banned, but because they are becoming popular outside of Italy, where they originated. Good Dog helps you find Cane Corso puppies for sale near California. Microchipping is required, and you must hold a $100,000 insurance personal injury insurance policy. Banned or restricted by cities in: Georgia, Michigan, andWashington. Do you have a Cane Corso? However, there is much debate on whether the regulations work. The first of these, the Pit Bull terrier, originated in England, and was bred with fighting in mind. We highly recommend that you check out. Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in Ireland? This is the most commonly banned dog breed in the U.S. PetHelpful reports that the pit bull is banned more frequently than any other breed despite the fact that it's not actually a singular breed. Dogs fall under Category 1 if you do not have paperwork marking their lineage. The Cane Corso is recognized as a breed by the New Zealand Kennel Club, which has the same breed criteria as other kennel groups. in a private place, for example a neighbour's house or garden. Are Cane Corso banned or legal in Canada? Canecorsoshave the potential to become a welcomed member toany community. At one point potbellied pigs were banned from city limits as were goats. Stockton, CA. That may be because not every dog owner is prepared to meet the demands of this highly active dog. It's also why some very powerful breeds, like mastiffs and cane corsos can cost a lot to insure. This breed falls underPart 2in the Second Schedule of the Animals and Birds (Dog Licensing and Control) Rules, which means there are guidelines to ownership. There are currently over 700 cities in the country with some BSL. The Cane corso because of its massive size can easily knock-down a person. On private property, you must have a way to keep them restricted to your area through a tall fence or kennel. Males / Females Available. This Dog Transfer and Import Restrictions Act prevents bringing in or crossbreeding the following: If you plan to stay in Germany for no more than four weeks, these regulations will not apply. American bulldogs, on the other hand, come from mastiff lines and were a result of breeding bull mastiffs and other varieties of mastiff.. Can you buy a Tibetan mastiff in America? Smart, trainable, and of noble bearing, the assertive and confident Cane Corso is a peerless protector. A purebred Cane Corso costs between $1,000-$4,000, but on average, you can expect to pay around $1,500. The Cane Corso Rescue Committee pledges to always consider the well-being of the Cane Corso and people involved in transportation, adoption . Banned or restricted by cities in: Colorado, Kansas, Oregon, Washington, andWisconsin. Nonetheless, when placed in the hands of an irresponsible owner, an individual can easily become ruined." 8. cane corso: [noun] any of a Italian breed of large, muscular dogs having a short, dense, stiff coat and a large head with a short, broad, square muzzle and powerful jaws. But, as The Spruce explains, those labels areusually wrong. Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in Australia? Ear cropping for Cane Corso! Ban dogs (a cross between any of the above breeds or any strain of listed breeds), Any dog that shares similar appearance or physical characteristics, such as a Cane Corso. Display vicious dog signs at your residence. Aaron Vallejo. However, that doesnt accurately reflect the innate personality of the breed. So are Cane Corsos aggressive or dangerous? Category 1 dogs cannot go into any public place other than a sidewalk orstay in shared accommodation. 15 Most illegal Dog Breeds in the World, Direct (non-stop) flights to Nantes (NTE) - FlightConnections.com. You must show them, through absolute consistency, that you mean what you say. The Cane Corso (Italian Mastiff) and the American Pitbull Terrier (APBT) are two very popular breeds. Banned or restricted by cities in:Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Tennessee, andWashington, The Akita faces bans in many cities across the United States. Fila Brasileiro. This breed is mostly used for hunting large, dangerous games such as boar, bear and wildcats. Since the Cane Corso is a Mastiff, the species is banned in some areas. Its really hard to hear the dog if it doesnt bark, which is why they tend to be left outside more often than expected by their owners. PetWave reports that aggression is the biggest issue with chows, though it is a problem that can be avoided. These dogs naturally show aggression toward dogs of the same sex, and their hunting instincts can take over if presented with a small dog or cat. As PetWave explains, Chow chows need to be socialized very early and very often to allow guests into the home. You may have to adhere to certain rules to avoid penalization and losing your pet. are cane corsos illegal in california. Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in Germany? California, Florida, Illinois, and Colorado have state laws prohibiting breed-specific legislation. We do not condone any puppy mills and strive to bring you only the best, well-loved puppies. According to theToronto Humane Society, in one study of 36 Canadian municipalities, there was zero difference between BSL areas and those that dont. The success of this is not due to getting rid of certain breeds. Dogs that fall under the category of dogs bred for fighting include Pitbull Terriers, Japanese Tosa, Dogo Argentino (a large Mastiff), and Fila Brasileiro. 2023. Less popular, but still used at times, are Rottweilers, Doberman Pinchers, and Bouvier de Flandres. Copyright 1999 - 2023. Weve handpicked 24 related questions for you, similar to Are cane corsos illegal in illinois? so you can surely find the answer! How dangerous do Cane Corsos become when left home alone? American Bulldog. Are Cane Corso Legal or Illegal in the United States? The Cane Corso is a breed of dog commonly found on these lists. Table of ContentsWhere Are Cane Corsos Legal Or Banned?Why Are Cane Corso Banned in Certain Countries?Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in Australia?Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in Canada?CalgaryAre Cane Corso Legal or Banned in England?Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in France?Are Cane Corso Legal or. The Cane Corso, also referred to as the Italian Mastiff, is a large dog breed that originated in Italy. ), Banned or restricted by cities in: MississippiandUtah, The sharpei hasnt been as widely banned as many other dog breeds. The Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) didnt officially recognize the breed until 2003, although the Cane Corso's lineage goes back to ancient times. Cane Corsos are often banned in many areas for fear that it is a dangerous dog. Best of breed (BoB) veterinary health checks at general and group shows are required. But the reason why may have more to do with politics than with the nature of the breed itself. Aprox. lol. Are Cane Corso Legal or Banned in England? Akitas. Oklahoma cities and towns cannot ban specific dog breeds, Attorney General Drew Edmondson said Tuesday in an opinion to a legislator who wants a statewide ban on pit bull terriers. Phone: 407-538-3027. The Cane Corso is a breed of dog commonly found on these lists. There are at least 30 states that have banned Cane Corso. Have third-party liability insurance to cover any dog attacks. It's not only illegal to own one of these breeds in the UK, it is also illegal to breed from, sell, abandon or give away a banned dog. Anotherlifeprod is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. Dogtime reports that, like other dogs with a strong prey drive, Alaskan malamutes have an inborn desire to chase and sometimes kill other animals. Some municipalities* allow you to have your Cane Corso labeled as exempted, meaning you can continue to keep your pet without penalty, but you have tomeet strict guidelines: * If in doubt, contact your municipality since the laws can and do vary and can change quickly too. These rules apply to breeds that have been declared dangerous or aggressive.
Massabesic Lake Boat Launch, Relationship Between Icare And Eml, Soulcycle Founder Dies, 100 Things Jehovah's Witnesses Can't Do, Melissa Ricks Former Husband, Articles A