Asparagus may not cause any issues when you feed it to your flock, particularly if you are raising broiler birds. We use it when a chicken has suffered an injury or lost feathers in an attack by other chickens or our dog. #coturnix #quaileggs #smallfarm #homesteadlife. Animals like koalas which have evolved to be able to eat these leaves can eat eucalyptus leaves. #linkinbio #recipe #recipeideas #pasta #pastalover #meyerlemons #asparagusrecipes #whatsfordinner, Save money with barley seed fodder for your animals. I've never heard of any other wood that does this or can substitute for cedar. +44 (0)7540 787812 frances@constructionandbuildingphotography.com. If you are concerned about the safety of specific plants not . First Posted: April 14, 2022 by Jessica KnowlesLast Modified: November 25, 2022. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Best to steer clear. It`s so easy! If you find yourself wanting to landscape around your chickens enclosure, these plants will add seasonal color and are perfectly safe. Chocolate is famous for being toxic to dogs because it contains theobromine. Though feeding chickens hydrangea may seem like a harmless way to provide them with extra nutrients, there are actually a few reasons why it is not recommended. Companies may sell eucalyptus essential oil-infused products for chickens but the risk of using these products outweigh the benefits. This sugar alcohol can be found in a variety of products, including chewing gum, candy, and baked goods. Part of the whole litter thing is overpowering the smell of the droppings. Finding out which plants are chicken-safe plants and not toxic can be challenging. While not toxic itself, Eucalyptus leaves can harbor Aspergillosis spores (a dangerous fungus that can cause death in various types of birds, including chickens and ducks). While it is safe for humans, xylitol is toxic to chickens and can cause serious health problems. You may be worried about shrubs on your property when you begin to free-range your chickens. Although shrubs like azaleas and rhododendron can pose a risk, these plants are perfectly safe. She has worked in some of the worlds most prestigious kitchens, and has published several cookbooks that have become bestsellers. They have found that oregano oil and cinnamon specifically seem to work best at keeping pathogens at bay. chickens, bunnies, and guinea pig! I don't know? Get your free copy of 100+ Amazing Diffuser Recipes today! "Cats are not able to metabolize chemicals found in the plant; therefore, those chemicals can damage your cat's internal organs.". We have to that come into our yard and they have my flower gardens destroyed. Thy also love sweet potatos, hard boiled and scrambled eggs, liver mush, ham, my meatloaf, fresh kale from my garden and a lot more. I just wouldnt add a bunch of cores to the compost they are eating. Ok, so there is a fine line when it comes to potatoes because in general, chickens can consume ripe, cooked potatoes. Potential Health Benefits of Eucalyptus The eucalyptol in. Thank you! Before using essential oils on your flock, follow a few basic rules. Seeds and pits can be harmful to chickens because they can contain toxins (like cyanide) that can make the chickens sick. These are both members of the nightshade family and can present dangerous symptoms to your chickens. Geranium Oil is great to deter mosquitoes also. Once again, these are no good for chickens to eat and can cause substantial health problems. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradescantia_zebrina, http://www.cockatielcottage.net/houseplants.html, http://abundantpermaculture.com/how-to-herbify-your-chickens-like-lisa-steele/, https://www.coopsandcages.com.au/blog/15-herbs-chickens-will-love/, https://104homestead.com/chicken-safe-plants/. I have woodland phlox and lily of the valley and solomons seal in my yard and the birds dont touch what they know Is bad. I dont, Im sorry. Even though nesting herbs, which I love sprinkling around my coop for my girls, aren't meant to be eaten, I still only use completely safe and edible herbs in my mixes. This is the compound that makes dogs sick, and it can also make your poultry sick, too. ---1 c. Butter c. Bacon Grease c. Granulated Sugar c. Brown Sugar2 large Eggs2 tsp. Mix with water and spray on chicken or surrounding areas. All of these essential oils have been proven to have anti-parasitic effects when used topically. Of course you could just remove the core and feed only the apple its self. Signs of prussic acid poisoning in animals include salivation, labored breathing, seizures, diarrhea, vomiting, staggering, weakness, confusion, andcollapse. This is my Golden Girls Hen House. It is used in closets and such because it offgases a pesticidal vapor. maison boulud dress code. Lemon pasta! The use of aromatic oils as medications stretches back through antiquity. Eucalyptus oil can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Most parts of the elder plant contain toxins that will hurt your chickens. But, chickens are not known for their self-control when eating apple bits. Privacy Policyif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'crittercleanout_com-leader-4','ezslot_11',138,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-crittercleanout_com-leader-4-0'); if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'crittercleanout_com-banner-2','ezslot_3',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-crittercleanout_com-banner-2-0');report this ad. water in a spray bottle. Avocado skin and pit are another food that is dangerous for chickens. If your pet consumes this plant, they will experience salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, depression and weakness. I found that my chickens love the forsythia bush I planted in the middle of their area. We also participate in other affiliate programs which provide us the opportunity to earn a commission at no cost to you.This site does not constitute pet medical advice, please consult a licensed veterinarian in your area for pet medical advice, Can Chickens Eat Eucalyptus Leaves? In short, all of the culinary herbs are perfectly safe to use around the chickens. Im thinking New Hampshire. The short answer? Top 8 Essential Oils for Chickens 1. seeing / finding it? Although shrubs like azaleas and rhododendron can pose a risk, these plants are perfectly safe. If you do choose to feed them lawn clippings, make sure that the lawn is organic and free of pesticides. Dried, raw beans - Uncooked beans contain hemagglutinin which can be toxic to your chickens. Third, alcohol can cause liver damage in chickens. As you might have guessed by now, it is also toxic for your chickens. My chickens love watermelon. is eucalyptus safe for chickens Posted on . They can be toxic when eaten raw, as the solanine they contain can kill your chickens. Remember that any plant eaten in excess may be harmful or, at minimum, cause gastrointestinal upset. vinegar and 8 oz. Any citrus oil should work: Wild Orange, Lemon, Lime, Grapefruit. The dirt coats their feathers and settles next to their skin, absorbing excess moisture and oil. Lavender is a natural stress reliever which can be beneficial to laying and sitting hens. Most chickens that have even a little bit will quickly expire, so make any point to clear it off of your property if you have chickens. Ivy contains a substance called saponin, which can cause vomiting and diarrhea. With all the fertilizer they provide, it has grown very well. Many herbs benefit from trimming. You can make this spray by placing 45 drops of each oil into a 16 oz. This can cause jaundice or anemia. Citrus can be harmful to some chickens. Hippocrates, the Roman father of modern medicine, wrote 2,500 years ago that the key to good health rests on having a daily aromatic bath and scented massage. Let's get real! Mix until well combined.Gradually stir the flour mixture into the creamed butter until just combined. Our chicken coop is located near our Apple orchard. Heliotrope, Hyacinth, Lily of the Valley, Solomons Seal, Butterfly Ginger, Daphne, Sweet William Nicotiana, Sweet Woodruff, Woodland Phlox, Wood Hyacinth & Four Oclocks. These vegetables contain goitrogens, substances that interfere with the thyroid glands ability to function properly. Though the nightshade family comprises many different kinds of plants, including vegetables, deadly nightshade is a surprisingly common but extremely poisonous variety. Chicken-Safe Shrubs You may be worried about shrubs on your property when you begin to free-range your chickens. The information in the Holistic Henhouse column is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional veterinarian advice, diagnosis or treatment. Only the leaves of tomato plants are toxic, as they are to humans, mine eat tomatoes nearly every day. Using your own beans lets you control the amount of extra sodium, which is not healthy for your backyard flock. If you want to breed rabbits for a sustainable meat supply, there are a few things to take into consideration before beginning a rabbitry. I hope this article has helped clear up any questions you had. Crittercleanout.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. IM going to keep it potted because it multiples like crazy! My short, practical ebook will help you make the most of your tomato harvest through canning, freezing, drying, and more. Solano Verde Water District. They tend to perform better and get bushier with regular pruning. For safely purposes, never ingest an essential oil unless it is labeled for safe consumption. Few actual studies are available concerning plant toxicity and birds. Chickens care for their feathers and skin by digging shallow ditches in soil, mulch, sand, even pine shavings, then tossing it onto themselves. Chances are your birds wont even like them, but you should make it a point to avoid feeding them kumquats at any rate. It may not affect your chickens overnight, but it will cause some weight problems and other health issues later on down the line. By they use it for shade and safety from hawks. They also are a lot more affordable, plus they donate 13% of the proceeds to stop human trafficking. Tansy should be avoided around chickens. How Long for a Chick to Hatch After the First Crack? Many people believe that feeding amaranth to their chickens is a great way of providing them with healthy grains. Harvest faster if you are that worried. Click here formy favorite way to purchase essential oils. Its sort of like how apple seeds have arsenic, but an adult human would have to eat hundreds of apples in one sitting to be poisoned. Eucalyptus does not fall under any of these categories and chickens dont need it, in fact, chickens cannot eat it. This chemical may be harmful to your flock, even deadly. The tiny molecules in essential oils easily pass through the lining of your nose, your lungs, your chickens air sacs or even skin. I don't actually *know*, but I would not want to be the first one on my block to find out, either. I was considering letting my chickens free range under the oak, because there are lots of bugs in the ground that they can scavange for. Affiliate of Mars Inc. 2023 | Copyright VCA Animal Hospitals all rights reserved. Although it may seem harmless, horseradish, particularly horseradish leaves, can irritate a chickens digestive system, leading to vomiting and diarrhea. That being said, our chickens have never liked it anyway. These leaves have high water content and can supply the animal with most of its water needs. All parts of the plant, but particularly the roots and bulbs are highly toxic and can cause severe diarrhea and kidney problems in chickens. I have one similar but it was a rescue and I have no idea what breed. Foxglove, also known as digitalis, can cause heart failure in animals and humans. As you likely know, I do use lots of herbs with my chickens, both in their environment and diet, but I am careful to stick to the common, culinary herbs which are safe and perfectly edible, because some herbs are toxic to chickens (and humans as well!). It can cause diarrhea, liver disease, blindness, the inability to swallow and even death. mine perch under a burning bush which is toxic for them to eat . Can you use essential oils around chickens? is graham wardle still married to allison wardle; poorest city in north carolina; the coast neighborhood cambridge Bracken fern is one of them. Having a backyard flock of chickens is a great way to get fresh eggs. They even make rich compost for the garden. It's no surprise that an herb called "henbane" would be potentially risky to use around chickens! What is your favorite treat to give your backyard flock? It gives them a shady place in summer but its flimsy enough that predators cant perch on it to pick off the flock. They should not eat the leaves or stems of tomato plants. Which to Feed, and Avoid. You can feed your chickens cherry fruits, but you need to avoid feeding them the pits of the cherries. If youre uncertain about an oil, dab a well-diluted amount in the crook of your arm or a small spot directly on your chickens skin. Is there any worries of them coming in to lay eggs after you have sprayed coop down? Use the same solution to sanitize feeders, water containers and cages; rinse well before reusing the items. First Home Eggs Adopt-an-Egg Hatch a Long. There are very few living things that can safely eat hemlock, and chickens are not one of them. Its leaves and oil have been consumed, chewed, and applied to the skin for many conditions. Chickens should not be fed onions. Safe oils to begin with would be lemon and frankincense. Popular carriers include almond, apricot kernel, borage, evening primrose, macadamia, peach kernel and jojoba oils. Oregano is packed with vitamins, including E and K, plus calcium and antioxidants. How to use it: Mix 30-40 drops Peppermint oil with 2.5 gallons water and spray it around the coop and chicken run. Chickens make a daily walk over the pile. I know the chickens will eventually wonder far enough to get into them. This includes table scraps, as well as commercial chicken feed that may have added salt. Irises are another beautiful plant, but unfortunately, ones that should not be fed to chickens. Also full-strength eucalyptus oil is toxic to both humans and animals. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? Never had a bad egg, get so many eggs I give 305 dozen eggs away each week. Also full-strength eucalyptus oil is toxic to both humans and animals. Learn how to breed chickens for specific egg colors to add pizzazz to your basket. You have juniper listed as a safe plant here on the page, but the backyard chicken page has it listed as toxic. Caffeine is a methylxanthine that can cause your chickens some serious health problems. If its rotten or moldy, toss it out. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Your email address will not be published. You are using an out of date browser. What is a natural antibiotic for chickens? I buy mine on amazon but they should have them at Walmart or TSC. Set up your myVCA account today. All you have to do is copy and paste on a blank word doc and then print. Add Mulberry to the tree list as well. Both of these snacks are high in salt and fat, which can lead to health problems in chickens. Some people advocate for feeding their chickens coffee grounds or tea bags. First of all, garlic is very pungent and strong-smelling, which means that it can make the chickens eggs taste off. You could also dust the chickens with Sevin. Rabbit meat is popular among homesteaders because rabbits are easy to raise, and they breed easily and birth in less time than other traditional homestead livestock like sheep, goats, pigs, and cows. Eucalyptus essential oil, whether applied to the chickens skin, fed in feed, or used in a diffuser, is also not recommended for chickens. I have a big oak tree in the front yard. Not sure how many people eat lentils but we do! Horse nettle, which is in the nightshade family, affects the central nervous system. Get your copy of Preserving Tomatoes today! Eucalyptus. If you plan on using eucalyptus around your flock, be sure you are getting it from a reputable source to reduce the risk of Aspergillosis. First, they contain high levels of tannins, which can make chickens sick. And you probably have everything you need to battle summer pests right in your kitchen cabinets and pantry. https://amzn.to/34pA3TA. Apple seeds contain cyanide, which makes them a dangerous food for chickens. We use essential oils to repel insects, soothe injuries, and support healthy immune function for our laying hens. These birds can usually tell which foods are edible and which arent, because of this, the bird will usually ignore the plant. No matter what life brings your way, there's a diffuser blend for that! I believe it is, but Im not 100% certain. Now I have the plants just outside their cage and give a couple of leaves as a greeting thing. Tannins can cause liver damage and gastrointestinal distress, and can even lead to death. Animals that do eat eucalyptus, like koalas, eat the leaves. Chickens are attracted to the smell of apricots, and will often peck at the plants in search of the fruit. #arcticblast #twentybelow #frozenpipes #oldfarmhouse #homesteadlife #maine2023, Easy, tasty, and frugal are just a few words that describe this broccoli rice casserole recipe. I found this article while searching to see if forsythia was ok for my chickens to eat. If we spray them with wild orange (I use doterra) and water, will they get cold from me doing that in the winter? Essential oils are fat-soluble, hydrophobic phytochemicalsbiologically active compounds found in plants. I dont worry about it myselfthey dont seem to eat the entire apple anyway. However, if any of these have been treated with chemicals, youll want to avoid doing so. We have giant ant hills in our yard and field. First, alcohol can cause dehydration, which can lead to death in chickens. It may not display this or other websites correctly. She turned 10 in June of this year so I must be doing something right. #February #imadethat #easyrecipeschallenge #followmeformore #fromscratch #homemadecooking #easyrecipes #recipeidea #farmlifeisthebestlife #fromscratchcooking #recipeshare #dinnerideas, Built to last, these galvanized planters add a distinct farmhouse style to any outdoor space. First of all, hydrangea is a member of the plant family Caprifoliaceae, which also includes key lime and Honeysuckle. #noproblem #bronco #rockcrawling #drivewaylife, 2013-2023 Jessica Knowles of The 104 Homestead, How to Find Out What Breed Your Chicken Is: Feather Patterns & Comb Styles, Using Herbs & Essential Oils with Your Backyard Chickens, Making Natural Easter Egg Dyes in a Variety of Colors, Easy 5-Ingredient Potato Soup (Freezer-Friendly & Gluten-Free) . The following plants are appropriate and worry-freefor the areas chickens roam. No products in the cart. The secondary benefit is that we dont have an ant problem anymore. My hens love pumpkin .I sliced the top off so it was like a bowl and they pecked away till the inside was clean . The occasional apple seed still gets in there. The level of phenols (the toxic elements in eucalyptus) is lower than in many pine species which are considered perfectly safe. Your local feed or farm supply store will often carry poultry feed specifically made for laying chickens. Many different birds feed on them but I want to be sure. McGie advises researching an oil before using it, looking at the quality, purity and potency. doTERRA is an MLM but not a pyramid scheme, and also donates to stop human trafficking. In addition, periwinkle can also cause gastrointestinal distress in chickens, leading to diarrhea and vomiting. We havent tried this spray yet, but plan to keep it handy the next time we introduce new chicks or hens to our flock. In severe cases, it can even be fatal. Thank god he loves me #wipeout #fail #suchconfidence, Take your tastebuds on an adventure with this amazingly sweet and salty chocolate chip and bacon cookie recipe. It`s so easy! Bo does not care for this specific bowl. Bee Balm 3-9 PerennialBegonia AnnualBlack-Eyed Susan 3-11 PerennialCoreopsis 3-9 PerennialCalendula AnnualDaisy 5-8 Perennial*Dandelion AnnualDay Lilly 4-8 PerennialEchinacea (Coneflower) 3-9 PerennialImpatiens Annual*Marigold Annual*Nasturtium AnnualOrchid 6-8 PerennialPetunia AnnualSunflower AnnualThistle 3-10 PerennialVelvet Nettle 3-10 PerennialViolet AnnualZinnia Annual. Second, they can interfere with the absorption of other nutrients, leading to deficiencies. If you have, dont worry too much about it. I've read several places that it's not only safe, but the fruit (hops) is good for them. Birds left unsupervised out of their cages may easily encounter plants kept around the house and in the garden. The unripe fruit contains high levels of solanine, a poisonous compound that can cause gastrointestinal distress and neurological problems. Spray down your coop with eucalyptus, tea tree, lavender, peppermint, basil, . Pasta is made from wheat, which is difficult for chickens to digest. Inhaling or coming into contact with eucalyptus oils can be toxic to animals, including dogs, cats, and horses, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Abdominal pain and diarrhea can be the result of ingesting aloe vera, so while it's great topically on burns and skin injuries, its best not to use it with your chickens, who are likely to peck at anything you administer to them. If you are concerned about the safety of specific plants not listed here, then consult your local animal Poison Control Center or your veterinarian for more information. We raise Nigerian Dwarf goats, ducks, and chickens, and we grow as much food as we can. In addition, the MSG in many chips and pretzels can also be harmful to chickens. I also Google anything new before adding it to her diet. However, it is unsafe to use essential oils around chickens at all because ingestion can be toxic, if not fatal. Have you tried Peppermint? Chickens are very sensitive to salt and it can cause serious health problems if they eat too much of it. However, if you are raising chickens for egg production, you may want to avoid feeding them asparagus. Just a few beans can cause severe illness or death. Because essential oils are so potent, potentially irritating ones, including cassia, cinnamon, clove, hyssop, lemongrass, oregano, peppermint and thyme, are usually diluted with pure, cold-pressed carrier oils before use. These drinks are high in sugar and can cause health problems, including diabetes and obesity. Use pure essential oils, especially if dosing internally. . is eucalyptus safe for chickens. The ancient Egyptians, Chinese and Ayurvedic physicians in India used them widely. Poisonous ornamental plants Even though many ornamental plants are mildly toxic or poisonous to chickens, chickens are highly unlikely to eat them while free-ranging. Do not feed your chickens butter. If redness or itchiness develops, try a greater dilution or different oil. Is this herb too good to be true? Is eucalyptus oil safe for chickens? Other research, from a 2011 issue of BMC Proceedings, showed that adding a combination of plant extracts from oregano, cinnamon and chili peppers actually changed the gene expression of treated chickens, resulting in weight gain as well as protection against an injected intestinal infection. Ensure your chickens do not have ready access to such plants, especially if you are free ranging your chickens ARUM LILY AMARYLLIS ARALIA ARROWHEAD VINE AUTUMN CROCUS AUSTRALIAN FLAMETREE AUSTRALIAN UMBRELLA TREE Try and keep these foods out of the chicken bucket in the future if you can. But, it is best to wash the cucumbers first as thoroughly as you can. My chickens LOVE sweet Basil leaves! Allow the dough to chill in the fridge for at least an hour or in the freezer for 15 minutes.Form chilled dough into balls and squish them down just a bit on the pan. Dont make your chickens clean it up for you. Rhubarb can be toxic to chickens in large amounts. When eaten uncooked, it can cause digestive issues and even choke the chicken. Risks and Signs of Poisoning, Can Chickens Eat Quiche? Natural and holistic care has its place in the coop, but remember your vet. Taken internally in large enough amounts, comfrey can cause diarrhea or liver failure as well as cancer of the liver. It is the same active ingredient in flea and tick shampoo, and can be used to treat mites on chickens, so it is safe to use in their coop. I'm new to the chicken life but am trying to learn more all the time. How to use it:Keep your chickens healthy by adding one drop Oregano oil to 2 gallons of water each time you refill their water supply. Hi. I recommend stirring in the flour by hand with a wooden spoon and being careful not to over-mix.Gently fold in the chopped bacon and chocolate chips. Its a great way to help keep the feed bills down. The ASPCA also notes dogs who ingest eucalyptus can suffer from depression. While you might want to avoid the foliage there doesn't appear to be any reason to do so. Some foods that are healthy for us are dangerous food for chickens. Suitable for all livestock. I live on a farm and the chickens are free range. Because the oil percentage in a correct dilution depends on the oils used and the way theyre applied, its important that you consult a trusted guide book or ask an experienced aromatherapist to help you learn how to safely dilute your first therapeutic oils. Talk about gourmet! While wormwood is an old-timers method of battling parasites, wormwood affects the nervous system and can cause abdominal pain and convulsions which can lead to seizures if ingested in large amounts. This can lead to cyanide poisoning in chickens, which can be fatal. kisha e shen palit en rochester. In addition, apricot pits can also cause choking or blockages in a chickens digestive system. The berries are only safe and in limited quantities, and even then, they are pretty high in sugar. Eucalyptus is a natural antiseptic and reduces inflammation of the respiratory mucosa, so it is excellent support for bronchitis and asthma due to its decongestant properties. So, if youre raising chickens, be sure to avoid giving them any food that is high in salt content. I line my flower beds with the stuff and I didn't even think about it. I think putting screen over the hardware cloth on the window vents might help too. they will ignore it. Anything less is unlikely to have the desired effect. If they die back completely, I usually toss some netting over them until they get established. Click the link in my bio and search "planters" to learn how to make and care for them. Dry Vanilla Pudding Mix1 tsp. Filed Under: Homestead Animals Tagged With: Chickens, trending. One foodstuff that chickens should avoid is garlic, as it can cause a number of problems. Can Chickens Eat Cucumber Peels? Eucalyptus poisoning can cause stomach pain, dizziness, muscle weakness, feelings of suffocation, drowsiness, seizures, and coma. Chocolate, on the other hand, can be seriously detrimental to your flocks health. All Rights Reserved, BEANS: (CASTOR, HORSE, FAVA, BROAD, GLORY, SCARLET RUNNER, MESCAL, NAVY, PREGATORY), BULB FLOWERS: (AMARYLLIS, DAFFODIL, NARCISSUS, HYACINTH & IRIS), COFFEE BEAN (RATTLEBUSH, RATTLE BOX & COFFEEWEED), EUCALYPTUS (DRIED, DYED OR TREATED IN FLORAL ARRANGEMENTS), FELT PLANT (MATERNITY, AIR & PANDA PLANTS), GRASS: (JOHNSON, SORGHUM, SUDAN & BROOM CORN), HEATHS: (KALMIA, LEUCOTHO, PEIRES, RHODODENDRON, MTN. Fodder is rich in vitamins and minerals, meaning its a perfect supplement during the winter when grass is not available. Raw eggs to your chickens could result in your flock turning cannibal. Built to last, these galvanized planters add a distinct farmhouse style to any outdoor space. These chemicals might have various . Youll love the look and the functionality. Thanks terri. We do give our chickens leftover COOKED rice, and they love this treat. Our chickens do not care much for avocados anyway. Both of these are the same herbs I use in my own backyard chicken flocks nesting boxes so theyre happy and lay great eggs. what does silent notifications mean; why is there a shortage of paper towels again? I don`t actually know if that`s true, but it feel right. Egg eating isnt always an easy habit to break so its easier to prevent than it is to fix.
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