Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. Italy's Mussolini. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. [according to whom? The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. Democracy is broadly understood to mean 'rule by the people'. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. List of Cons of Dictatorships. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. Uganda. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. Chad. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." Personalistic dictatorships: 4. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. 10. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. [1]:70. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. Functioning of government: 3.57. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. Source by babeltravel. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. The dictator is the absolute ruler. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Types. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. 2. Laos (since 1975) The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. Syria - Well, it depends. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". Also, dictatorships . These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. [1]:68. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. [1]:71. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Monarchies: 3. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. Countries that start with: [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Political participation: 2.22. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Duterte is the perfect example of a . These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Political culture: 5.00. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there.
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