. To identify and recognize those Maintenance and Light Repair Technicians who can demonstrate knowledge of the skills necessary to successfully perform the most common maintenance and light repair tasks. 3. This guide contains test specifications, tasks lists, sample test questions, and training resources. The Bendix ESP system helps to mitigate vehicle slides and skids through advanced monitoring of a variety of vehicle parameters plus an automatic and selective application of vehicle brakes. It keeps kids more active. You are using an unsupported browser. In addition to the four air springs, the RAD-227 drive axle systems parallelogram design provides constant axle pitch and maximum ride stability. 5 v 2.1 school bus inspection manual 1.0 body and sheet metal a) body condition exterior: general Click the Service Manual button to get a list of available manuals. 220 hp/520 lb-ft The Light Duty Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Specialist (L3) test will cover content focused on the diagnosis of the battery system, internal combustion engine (ICE), drive system, power electronics, and hybrid supporting systems. 2. No parts shall be loose or broken. This allows each MOR/ryde system to match the vehicles axle rating. Thats why we build our buses to a higher standard of durability. Tests A1 through A9 are intended for technicians who perform vehicle repairs. The systems also increase the dynamic axle travel of the vehicles existing suspension and are especially effective on applications where load conditions may vary, as the companys specialty within the school bus market is systems for special-needs buses. 5. The Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (F1) test contains 55 scored questions on vehicle inspection, equipment installation, leak testing and repairs, emissions, system diagnosis, maintenance and repair, and cylinder safety. 1972-2023 National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE). Over 100 years of experience, innovation, manufacturing excellence and customer satisfaction make all the difference that means you can always trust our components. developer resources. If you are unable to find your unit in the Vantage website or have any questions regarding manuals for your bus, please contact one of our Technical Support Staff. The C1 certification test is intended for those who work as service consultants. View the most recent official publication: These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. ASE offers a separate series of tests B2 through B5 that are intended specifically for technicians who perform repairs in collision repair shops. will bring you directly to the content. 31136, 31151, 31502; sec. There are over 50 tests, each designed to discern the automotive service technicians knowledge of job-related skills. Our Commercial Duty System is engineered to meet global specifications and requirements. Central States Bus Sales is a bus dealer specializing in school buses and commercial buses throughout the Midwest. Automobile & Light Truck Study Guide: Includes Tests A1 A9, Automobile Service Consultant (C1), Alt. Wait until the bus stop, the doors open, and the drivers say that it is okay to get in. Master Truck Technicians who were current as of January 1, 2017, are exempt from the T8 test requirement until the first of their other truck certifications expires. North Little Rock AR 72117 Just click a link! Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. It's sociable. Badskey says that wheelchair lift-equipped buses can be off-center, and while the system adjustment does not load-level like an air ride system, it levels out the weight at the beginning of a ride. The safest seat in a school bus is generally in the middle, in an aisle seat on the right-hand side, between tires. 41. Demand it alland get itwith the Detroit DD5, featuring: *Or 12 months or 1,500 hours, whichever comes first. Note that you must also be currently certified in both Automobile Suspension and Steering (A4) and Automobile Brakes (A5), and satisfy the two-year hands-on work experience requirement in order to register for the X1R test. Those who are certified in tests S1 S6 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master School Bus Technicians. Oswego IL 60543 guide. Would you like further information on our service or our products for trucks and buses? Passenger Capacity Up to 81 Wheelbase 158, 179, 199, 219, 238, 259, 279 GVWR Up to 33,000 lbs. The RAD-227 Parallelogram Air Ride System, for instance, is a drive axle system that includes four air springs. For instance, the Rubber Leaf (RL) System a drive axle system is ideal for special-needs units, and it can be adjusted to level the bus. Multifunction School Activity Bus (MFSAB): A MFSAB is a sub category of a school bus. LCD on-board diagnostics with fault code reporting for easy maintenance. 2. A school bus pre-trip inspection aims to determine if school buses are secured and operational before departing from the terminal. The Light Duty Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Specialist (L3) Study Guide - this guide contains test specifications, tasks list, the Certification Test Reference document, sample test questions, and training resources. Badskey says this system provides a more comfortable ride for the driver and typically works best on large school buses. We also have more printable school you may like: Printable Back To School TeacherHigh School Word Searches PrintablePreschool Rules Printables. 1312, 1543, 1560; and 49 CFR 1.87. Riding to school with friends is fun. As a If your Country is not listed, select "Other countries" to visit our ZF Aftermarket Global website. 53 FR 49402, Dec. 7, 1988, unless otherwise noted. 0000000930 00000 n To identify and recognize those Automobile and Light Truck (up to Class 3) Technicians who can demonstrate knowledge of the skills necessary to diagnose, service, and repair cars, SUVs, and light duty trucks. ASE initiated this Test Series with the support of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the American Public Transportation Association (APTA). Belts shall not be frayed, cracked or slipping. The maintenance department is required to check the brake adjustment every 3,000 miles. To register for the L4 certification test, you must have passed either the Automobile Electrical/Electronic Systems (A6) or Collision Mechanical & Electrical Components (B5) test. 0000002522 00000 n Ridewell Suspensions manufactures air ride systems for use on specialty applications within the school bus market. The ASE Undercar Specialist designation recognizes Technicians who have demonstrated knowledge of the skills in Suspension & Steering (A4) and Brakes (A5) from the Automobile & Light Truck Test Series, and Exhaust Systems (X1) from the Specialty Test Series. To identify those Technicians who possess knowledge of the skills necessary to diagnose sophisticated diesel engine performance problems on medium- and heavy-duty trucks. Blue Bird is the first school bus OEM in North America to offer the system on its conventional- type bus models, and the system is now standard on all buses. Here are some benefits of using a school bus:1. All of the test questions follow the information contained in the document to help ensure that the test content remains consistent and understandable to technicians regardless of their area of hybrid/electric vehicle specialty. However, Master Technician status is not for life. 1041(b), Pub. It must meet all FMVSS's of a school bus except traffic control devices (flashing light Understanding the Basics of Electric Bus Charging and Infrastructure, Cashing in on EPA Clean School Bus Funds: What to Do When You Dont Know What to Do, Next Steps for Clean School Bus Program Recipients, Charging Forward: How One School District Is Making EV Progress. This warranty covers the chassis, electrical and manual controls, safety equipment, assemblies and more. 4.3 (380) $3499. The Saf-T-Liner C2 was designed from the ground up to deliver superior durability, reliability and safety. Under the Reference tab you will find the Service Manual button. 1103 Standards for School Bus Chassis and Bodies For Buses placed in production on or after January 1, 2007 (Terminology and School Bus Types are Those Described in the National School Transportation Specifications and Procedures (NSTSP), May 2005). Tests B2 through B5 are intended for technicians who perform repairs in collision repair shops. The in-page Table of Contents is available only when multiple sections are being viewed. 0000000724 00000 n 1914, 1993; secs. Maintenance and Light Repair Study Guide : Includes Auto Maintenance and Light Repair (G1) test. Privacy Statement, Legal Notices and Terms. There are two types of steering systems available. This also builds confidence, social skills, and self-esteem. This web site is designed for the current versions of The training school bus : International busGVW 30000 lbs, Height 11 ft, Capacity 26 Adults The demonstrate images of front suspension and Drum air brake , Th. LORD Corp. offers the Motion Master system through Bostrom Seating Inc. The DD5is available with the Detroit Connect Virtual Technician, a subscription-based remote diagnostic service (free for the first five years) that instantly transmits data to the Detroit Customer Support Center so you can make informed service decisions within minutes of an issue. This guide contains test specifications, task lists, and sample test questions. You must keep each one of those certifications current to maintain Master Technician status. This is an automated process for To identify and recognize those technicians who can demonstrate knowledge of the skills necessary to diagnose, service, and repair different systems of military tactical wheeled vehicles. Blue Bird School Bus Side Panel Repair Procedure, Ford Business Preferred Network Dealer Directory, Propane 6.8L Starting and Filling Procedure, IO Multiplex Ladder Logic Timers Training, Stoneridge Instrumentation Operators Guide, Non Pre-Wired Blue Bird Connect Dealer Installation, Mon- Fri: 08:00AM 04:30PM CST Click here for more information on the C1 test. 220 hp/560 lb-ft (2k or 3k transmission) endstream endobj 13 0 obj<> endobj 15 0 obj<> endobj 16 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<>stream 12 13 MOR/ryde International MOR/ryde International's Rubber Leaf System features rubber shear springs that isolate and absorb road shock, providing a smooth ride. It's greener. The following are not included in advertised price: local and state tax, tags, registration and title fees, delivery, and cost of optional equipment selected by the purchaser. VSE Dynamic Bus Suspension is a hydropneumatic suspension system for both the front axle and the rear axles of a bus. NSRA Safety Inspected. School Bus Steering Parts Looking for steering parts for a school bus front axle? site when drafting amendatory language for Federal regulations: Please note that these are very large files. The Auto Maintenance and Light Repair Certification Test (G1) contains 55 scored questions, plus 10 unscored research questions covering knowledge of the skills related to maintenance and light repairs in engine systems, automatic transmission/transaxle, manual drive train and axles, suspension and steering, brakes, electrical, and heating and air conditioning. Get to the bus stop at least five minutes early. Leave yourself an out. No changes found for this content after 1/03/2017. The spring carrier serves as the connection between the chassis leaf spring and the rubber shear springs. Please do not provide confidential The Transit Bus recertification tests (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R, H5R, H6R, H7R and H8R) are about half as long as the initial certification tests. Experience Requirements: If you pass one or more tests and have at least two years of hands-on experience working as an auto or truck technician (appropriate training may substitute for up to one year of experience) then you will be certified as an ASE Military Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Technician. All rights reserved. Those who are certified in tests T2 T8 are recognized as ASE Certified Master Medium-Heavy Truck Technicians. 2. It is not an official legal edition of the CFR. For newer manuals please visit Blue Bird's Vantage website. Hi-Vis Web makes it easier to see when drivers are wearing their seat belts. If you have comments or suggestions on how to improve the www.ecfr.gov website or have questions about using www.ecfr.gov, please choose the 'Website Feedback' button below. L. 114-94, 129 Stat. 6. %PDF-1.4 % Comments that include personal The steering gear box shall not have loose or missing mounting bolts or cracks in the gear box or mounting brackets. IMMIs Commercial Duty System for school buses is specifically designed and tested to promote seat belt use by making the belt more comfortable to wear for drivers of all demographics. Those who are certified in tests H1 or H2, plus H3 H8, are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Transit Bus Technicians. It has a wide footprint hanger that helps to distribute the vehicle load and road inputs over a large area, he adds, so it reduces stress to the vehicle frame.. The secure and easy all-access connection to your content. LORD Corp.'s Motion Master Ride Management System includes a damper that utilizes magneto-rheological fluid technology to provide near real-time seat deceleration in response to road shock. NOTE: S7 is NOT a requirement for Master School Bus Technician Status. Learn more about how Thomas Built Buses and Detroit Diesel Corporation are partners in performance. Place bus in Neutral and set parking brake. 0000004016 00000 n here. The BMW Associate Level and BMW Member Level Assessments contain 60 scored questions that will determine a technician's knowledge of the skills covered in the BMW Associate Level and BMW Member Level training courses. xb```f``l(Fqk / 300p5T~Vr`eg`L@l` JY The drag link is a steel shaft that runs from the pitman arm on the steering box to one of the steering knuckles, and it features two ends with ball and socket type joints (like a tie rod end), the ball and socket joints allow the drag link to travel through the entire steering range of motion without binding. B_hx\.h?HIb . Let's get started! Those certified in tests T2 through T8 are Master Medium/Heavy Truck Technicians, and so forth. SCHOOL BUS STEERING COMPONENTS ITEM AND METHOD OF INSPECTION POINT VALUE REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION (#) DESIGNATES POINTS TO BE DEDUCTED IV. After a brake reline, brake adjustment must be checked every 500 miles until the shoes seat to the drums. While several of these tests parallel the ASE Medium-Heavy Truck and Transit Bus tests, each is designed to test knowledge of systems specific to school buses. Equipping school buses with an effective suspension system is an integral part of ensuring the safety and comfort of everyone on board. Unlike the L1 and L2 tests, the Composite Vehicle Type 1 Reference Document WILL NOT be available as a printed document in the test center. Contacts; Home . The system shall not leak. Use Bus Lookup to find your unit. Serving Car & Truck Fleet Management Professionals, Serving EV Intenders & Professionals In Commercial & Public Fleets, Serving Corporate, Executive, & Financial Managers Of Large Commercial Fleets, Serving Leaders In Fleet Mobility & Emerging Technology, Serving Public Sector Fleet Professionals, Serving Medium & Heavy Duty Commercial Truck Professionals, Serving Transit Bus, Private Motorcoach, & Passenger Rail Professionals, Serving School & Pupil Transportation Fleet Professionals, Serving Vocational & Service Fleet Professionals. school bus inspection manual . To reach the master list of manuals available in each group, click on the Blue Bird logo from any manual introduction page. To register for the recertification version of the Advanced Engine Performance Specialist Test (L1R), you must have previously passed the regular L1 test. Learn more and browse steering wheel products. The Truck Equipment recertification tests (E1R E3R) are about half as long as the initial certification tests. Many of the questions relate to a sample vehicle equipped with a composite diesel engine control system featuring a cross-section of electronic diesel engine control technology used by all engine manufacturers. In early fall 2022, they will receive an email informing them that the results have been posted to their myASE account. 260 hp/660 lb-ft % To identify and recognize those Estimators who possess knowledge of the skills necessary to properly analyze and estimate automotive collision damage. Leaks Look for puddles on the ground and dripping fluids from engine and October 1, 2008 361 United Court 7.5.0 Applicability of Regulations to School Bus Transportation; 7.6 Small Passenger . the hierarchy of the document. Engine Compartment (Engine Off) 1. To register for the recertification version of the Electronic Diesel Engines Diagnosis Specialist Test (L2R), you must have previously passed the regular L2 test. While SOFTEK utilizes leaf springs and AIRTEK utilizes leaf springs and air bags, Madden says the leaf springs in both form a torsion system with the axle, thereby enhancing vehicle stability. For details about the above assessments and the corresponding training requirements, visit the appropriate information page: Master Technician status is earned when you achieve certification in all required testing areas for that series. Our Commercial Duty System is engineered to meet global specifications and requirements. 250 hp/660 lb-ft This document is available in the following developer friendly formats: Information and documentation can be found in our Fuels CNG (F1), and Exhaust Systems (X1). As such, LORD Corp. offers the Motion Master Ride Management System, a seat suspension system that comprises a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper, a controller with an integral position sensor and a ride mode switch that can be set to soft, medium or firm. Bus should not move. Those who are certified in tests E1 E3 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Truck Equipment Technicians. The Advanced Engine Performance Specialist (L1) test contains 50 scored questions focused on the diagnosis of general power-train, computerized power-train controls (including OBD II), ignition systems, fuel and air induction systems, emission control systems, and I/M test failures. IMMIs school bus steering wheel products are designed to improve driver and passenger safety. Whether you're replacing brake pads or rotors, crossing arms or stop arms, a heater motor or a seat . To identify those Technicians who possess knowledge of the skills required to diagnose sophisticated driveability and emissions-related problems on automobiles, SUVs, and light-duty trucks. To identify and recognize those Technicians who can demonstrate knowledge of the skills necessary to diagnose and repair automobile brakes, suspension and steering, and exhaust systems. Safety Benefits If you work for a Federal agency, use this drafting VSE Dynamic Bus Suspension. Hendrickson Over the last decade, Hendrickson has increased its focus on the school bus market. Fenton MO 63026 Joel Badskey, MOR/ryde sales professional, says the use of rubber improves the performance of the vehicles existing suspension system. 4. It then applies the brakes separately on the four wheels in a specific pattern in an effort to help keep the bus stable on the road. Many of the questions relate to a sample vehicle using a composite power-train control system featuring computerized engine control technology used by most manufacturers. IMMI's Commercial Duty System for school buses is specifically designed and tested to promote seat belt use by making the belt more comfortable to wear for drivers of all demographics. Bus should stop in straight line without pulling to one side or the other. Finally, Rickman says the company guarantees the durability of its air ride systems. It's sociable. result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR. For newer manuals please visit Blue Birds Vantage website. Visit ASE.com/Spanish for more information. 200 hp/520 lb-ft, Zonar V4 advanced telematics system To improve the quality of vehicle service through the voluntary testing and certification of Service Consultant professionals. Detroit DD5 engine 5 v 2.2 school bus inspection manual 1.0 body and sheet metal a) body condition exterior: general information or personal data. The Bendix ESP full stability system is a widely-available ABS-based commercial vehicle stability system capable of recognizing and assisting with driving situations on the widest range of road conditions. This vehicle is described in the Medium-Heavy Composite Vehicle Type 4 Reference Booklet that is provided both before and at the time of testing. Because of the complexity of the L2 test, ASE generally recommends that you NOT register for other tests during the same test session. CUTE STONE Bus Car Toy, Kids Play Vehicle with Sound and Light, Simulation Steering Wheel, Musical School Bus Toy for Toddler, Educational Bus Driving Toy Gift for Toddlers Boys & Girls. 6. While the components of Hendrickson's, Ridewell Suspensions' and MOR/ryde International's suspension systems improve ride quality, URO Systems LLC's Shackle System further enhances ride quality by controlling the movement of a vehicle's suspension. Taking the bus to school involves walking to the bus stop. 0000001036 00000 n So the first thing I'm going to tackle after the pressur. Find a qualified ZF Aftermarket repair partner quickly and easily always nearby. We chose this design, quite simply, because of the outstanding visibility and safety. Kelly Roher, Associate Editor Installation instructions and useful tips: Benefit from our professionals' exclusive know-how. 877-272-8737. Not by any single person at ASE. The official, published CFR, is updated annually and available below under The pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft shall not be loose. The power steering system shall have sufficient fluid in the reservoir. Collision Repair & Refinish Study Guide - this guide contains test specifications, tasks lists, sample test questions, and training resources. Front and rear suspension systems are also known as steer and drive axle systems, respectively. Fits drivers of every size comfortably, which also encourages seat belt usage. MPV: Multipurpose passenger vehicle accommodating ten (10) or less people. The system is suitable for hybrid and electric city buses that have a high centre of gravity. Thomas Built Buses, Inc. is a subsidiary of Daimler Trucks North America LLC, a Daimler company. 0000001483 00000 n 3. We respect your data and privacy. Morning is such a race. Regulation Y NOTE: B6 is NOT a requirement for Master Collision Repair Technician Status. Many of the questions relate to a sample vehicle using advanced driver assistance systems technology used by most manufacturers. Administrative Code : Title 14 : 1100 HOME Agency Information Office Locations Contact Information It is available on Bostroms T-Series 915 seat. L. 102-240, 105 Stat. Find ZF Aftermarket training programs and courses for workshops and extend your technology and service knowledge. Brake chamber stroke on automatic slack adjusters should also be verified every 3,000 miles. Those who are certified in tests B2 B5 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Collision Repair Technicians. The Shackle System has a freely rotating spring pin design and a specially formulated urethane that is self-lubricating and abrasion-resistant, making the system maintenance-free. 200 hp/560 lb-ft (2k or 3k transmission) =j8 b-P_)$7 PU*rL[k.{ %3+ZYtDS,bMYw{mIX_%y?.,vW&WqCc`WpPt(AG~2g R-i45Ib EgED{KSXy#h~A1RQ$&)""mb( Qu)T#l^E7v@IJZ}>g_A=#*D| }x j6J?,tTa30z*Ncj<0tS9lOK>A(Xj#{:)h sz*o`1j{XTMdG'jKAHHj5pY\} ,^JK6D|o5n. Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. MOR/ryde also manufactures the Steer Rubber Leaf System, a steer axle unit. In many suspension systems they dont, so the rotation translates to better vehicle handling, extended tire life and a smoother ride.. The Automobile & Light Truck recertification tests (A1R A9R) are about half as long as the initial certification tests. Each of the pins at the hanger and the spring eye rotate, explains Dan Teed, company president. of virtually everything surrounding the C2. Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process. The eCFR is displayed with paragraphs split and indented to follow You can Estimators must retest every five years to retain their certification. If you don't know your body number, it is usually located inside the bus above the . Composite Vehicle Type 4 Reference Booklet - this booklet describes the composite drivetrain control system that is used with many of the questions in the L1 test. Hydraulic Steering system: Hydraulic power steering systems work by using a hydraulic system to multiply the force applied to the steering wheel inputs to the vehicle's steered (usually front) road wheels. Lebanon TN 37090 Moreover, the STEERTEK axle allows for up to 55 degrees of wheel cut, facilitating ease of vehicle maneuverability. Step on Service (foot) brake pedal to stop bus. Some images may be used for illustration purposes only and may not be of the actual unit portrayed. Universal joints and ball-and-socket joints shall not be worn, faulty or repaired by welding. Title 49 was last amended 2/03/2023. ASE offers a separate C1 certification test specifically for service consultants, who work with repair technicians and car owners. OEM Blue Bird Parts. %PDF-1.4 The steering column must be securely fastened. Power steering is required and must formatting. Bearings Cylinders Drag Links Filters Gears Hoses King Pins Master Seal Kit Pitman Shaft Seal Kit Pumps Shaft U-Bolts Stablilizer Kits Stub Shaft Seal Kit Tie-Rod Ends 12 0 obj<> endobj Make sure they see you. From ZF Aftermarket. You are looking for company information on ZF Friedrichshafen AG? 1 CFR 1.1 To register for the regular L1 certification test, you must have passed the Automobile Engine Performance (A8) test. Click the Service Manual button to get a list of available manuals. Cummins Zonar OTAir 2017 or newer. 877-307-0322, Mon- Fri: 08:00AM 04:30PM EST The damper anticipates driver topping and bottoming and decelerates the seat to avoid end-stop hits from road shock, he adds. The MOR/ryde hanger bolts into the existing spring hanger holes on the chassis frame rail, providing a secure attachment that serves the same function as the leaf spring hanger. Never walk behind the bus. To identify and recognize those School Bus Technicians who possess the knowledge and skills necessary to diagnose, service, and repair different subsystems of Type A, B, C, and D school buses. NOTE: T1 is not required for Master Medium-Heavy Truck Technician Status. Bookmarked content can then be accessed anytime on all of your logged in devices! A lot of activity and special-needs buses arent used as frequently as regular-ed school buses, and districts keep them for a long time. Navigate by entering citations or phrases The page you are navigating to is not optimized for mobile devices. This extremely low mileage Thomas Built Freightliner School Bus (3,000 Miles) has a steering issues. Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. For example, technicians certified in tests A1 through A8 are Master Automobile Technicians. Universal joints and ball-and-socket joints shall not be worn, faulty or repaired by welding. School Bus Study Guide - this guide contains test specifications, tasks lists, sample test questions, and training resources. CDL class b school bus suspension, steering, brake and tire BIGLAKADJL 271 subscribers Subscribe 115 Share 16K views 6 years ago suspension, steering, brake and tire Show more Show more. Below is a summary of the test completion times and number of questions: Late May 2022 Late Summer 2022: L4 tests will have 80 questions and will have a 3-hour time limit. The Collision Repair and Refinish recertification tests (B2R B5R) are about half as long as the initial certification tests. After dropping off the kids to school, parents still have to race to get on the workplace on time. The TD1410 and the TD1430 Front Shackle Replacement Kits, for instance, can be used on Blue Birds All American FE and RE units. Those are certified in tests A1 A8 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Automobile Technicians. We recommend you directly contact the agency responsible for the content in question. 1955 Ford Shorty School Bus, 60 Ford Motor C-6 Transmission. All Rights Reserved. (c) Steering column. The RL System can be aftermarket installed or ordered directly from some OEMs. 7. All components of the power system must be in operating condition. (a) The steering wheel shall be secured and must not have any spokes cracked through or missing. The Bendix ESP system implements a series of sensors throughout the chassis of the bus, which determine the YAW Rate, Steering Angle, Brake Pressure, as well as the lateral . Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. It encourages independence. switch to drafting.ecfr.gov.
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